MR-021 Model & system behaviour System scope

Hallucination and fabricated output

The system confidently generates false, fabricated, or unfaithful content (hallucination/confabulation) that misleads users.

Risk family: Model & system behaviour
MIT domain: 3. Misinformation
MIT subdomain: 3.1 > False or misleading information
AI type: GPAI
Scope: System
Source standard: MIT AI Risk Repository v4

Provenance

Source standard

MIT AI Risk Repository v4

Source frameworks

28 source framework citation keys

Abercrombie2024, Anwar2024, Bengio2024, Clarke2023, Cui2024, Cunha2023, Deng2023, EPIC2023, Ferrara2023, G'sell2024, Gabriel2024, Gipiškis2024, IBM2025, InfoComm2023, Ji2023, Li2025, Liu2024, Marchal2024, NIST2024, Nah2023, Stanley2024, TC2602024, Tse2025, Uuk2025, Wang2025, Weidinger2021, Weidinger2022, Weidinger2023

ISO/IEC references

23894 obj A.4, A.9; src 6; mech B.5, B.8 | 42001 ctrl A.6.2.4, A.8.2

Framework crosswalk

Every framework item mapped to this risk. Items marked partial overlap only in part; definitions appear on hover where the source licence permits.

Sourcesframeworks that contributed to the register

ISO 238942

A.4 ISO/IEC 23894 Annex A A.4
A.9 ISO/IEC 23894 Annex A A.9

ISO 420012

A.6.2.4 ISO/IEC 42001 Annex A A.6.2.4
A.8.2 ISO/IEC 42001 Annex A A.8.2

Cross-checksframeworks mapped in to test coverage

IBM2

ibm-function-calling-hallucination Function calling hallucination
ibm-hallucination Hallucination

Cisco1

AISubtech-15.1.19 Integrity: Hallucinations / Misinformation

NIST GenAI1

GENAI.2 Confabulation

OWASP LLM1

LLM09:2025 Misinformation

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Part of the Deployer AI Risk Register, an open-source resource developed by MindXO. Version 1.0, 3 July 2026. Derived from the MIT AI Risk Repository (V4, December 2025) under CC BY 4.0; an independent derivative work, not endorsed by or affiliated with MIT. Sub-risk decomposition references MITRE ATLAS™ v5.6.0 (© 2021-2026 The MITRE Corporation, reproduced and distributed with permission). ISO/IEC and EU AI Act references are by number only. License: CC BY 4.0. Full attribution and licensing.